In vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) evaluations involve assessing thebiological effects of a drug within a living organism. These evaluations are designed to determine the drug's efficacy, mechanism of action, therapeutic index, and potential side effects. Typically conducted using animal models, in vivo PD evaluations help researchers understand how a drug interacts with physiological systems, its relationship to dosage, and the overall impact on health outcomes. Such studies are essential for drug development, aiding in the transition from preclinical research to clinical trials.
GenoBioTX's inflammation/autoimmune disease evaluation platform has an experienced research team and has developed a variety of inflammation and autoimmune disease models. We offer personalized pharmacodynamic evaluation services tailored to client needs.
Psoriasis, commonly known as "plaque psoriasis," is a prevalent and recurrent chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by distinctive red papules, plaques, and silvery scales. It is notoriously difficult to treat and often relapses frequently, affecting individuals throughout their lifetime. The exact causes and mechanisms underlying psoriasis remain incompletely understood; however, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
The Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model is one of the classic models for studying psoriasis. This model effectively simulates the psoriatic skin lesions and exhibits certain innate and adaptive immune dysregulations that are similar to those observed in human psoriasis. It is widely used in research to investigate the pathophysiology of psoriasis and to evaluate potential therapeutic agents.
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease primarily characterized by recurrent skin inflammation and itching. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD are complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, immune responses, environmental triggers, and psychological factors. A significant aspect of AD is its strong association with impaired skin barrier function. To better understand the mechanisms underlying AD and explore potential treatments, animal models play a crucial role alongside clinical investigations and laboratory experiments.
Oxazolone (OXA) and 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) are commonly used haptens to induce atopic dermatitis models in laboratory mice. Both OXA and DNFB are applied topically to the skin of mice to sensitize the immune system. After the initial sensitization, mice undergo multiple subsequent applications of the hapten to provoke AD-like symptoms.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the colon or gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate IBD. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is commonly used to induce IBD models. DSS cannot be directly absorbed by colonic epithelial cells, but it can disrupt tight junctions between epithelial cells, damage the basement membrane, and promote the infiltration of gut microbiota and antigens, thereby inducing an inflammatory response. Low concentrations of DSS can induce chronic ulcerative colitis in mice, while high concentrations can induce acute ulcerative colitis symptoms.
Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) caused by immune attacks on recipient tissues by donor T cells within the graft. Mouse GvHD models can be used to simulate the clinical symptoms of GvHD following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, as well as to study T cell regulation, induction of tolerance, and autoimmune diseases. Transplanting suitable donor bone marrow and lymphocytes into sub-lethally irradiated M-NSG mice can induce various GvHD symptoms, including inflammation of the liver, skin, and intestines, significant weight loss, and mouse mortality.
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