In vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) evaluations involve assessing thebiological effects of a drug within a living organism. These evaluations are designed to determine the drug's efficacy, mechanism of action, therapeutic index, and potential side effects. Typically conducted using animal models, in vivo PD evaluations help researchers understand how a drug interacts with physiological systems, its relationship to dosage, and the overall impact on health outcomes. Such studies are essential for drug development, aiding in the transition from preclinical research to clinical trials.
The SMOC Neuropharmacology and Efficacy Evaluation Platform is established according to international advanced standards, equipped with state-of-the-art instruments and facilities, and supported by an experienced research team. It provides professional and effective neuropharmacological efficacy evaluation services tailored to the needs of clients.
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a hydroxylated derivative of dopamine. It can gradually induce retrograde degeneration of the dopaminergic system in the substantia nigra and striatum over several weeks. The pathological and biochemical manifestations of this model share many similarities with human Parkinson's disease (PD), such as degeneration, death, and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as glial cell proliferation. The 6-OHDA injection model is one of the most widely used PD models and can be employed in studies related to the pathogenesis of PD, drug efficacy evaluation, gene therapy, and neuroprotective treatments.
The collagenase injection model for cerebral hemorrhage is simple to establish and has a high success rate. It effectively simulates the physiological and biochemical processes of spontaneous hemorrhage in human brain blood vessels, as well as the pathological changes associated with the continued expansion of the hematoma after bleeding. During the modeling process, the animal is first anesthetized, disinfected, and then fixed. A hole is drilled in the skull, and a stereotaxic apparatus is used to locate the caudate nucleus on one side of the rat's brain. A microinjection needle is inserted into the caudate nucleus, and 0.5 μL of collagenase is injected according to different groups. Continuous observation for 10 minutes reveals the onset of bleeding, characterized by obvious symptoms that last for an extended period.
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused by tissue damage or potential tissue injury. It is also a protective defense response of the body to harmful stimuli. Pain models can help researchers understand the mechanisms of pain occurrence and the action mechanisms of drugs, assess the efficacy and safety of medications, and provide important reference data for drug development. SMOC can offer various pain models, including inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and primary pain, as well as related efficacy services.
The formalin-induced pain model is a commonly used pain model that involves injecting an appropriate amount of formalin subcutaneoushinto the dorsal foot of mice. Pain in the mice can be assessed by observing the duration of paw licking. The formalin-induced pain behavior isdivided into two phases: the first phase occurs approximately 10 minutes after injection, while the second phase begins around 15-20 minutespostinjection and lasts for over 60 minutes., Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NsAlDs) are ineffective against the first phase of pain butcan reduce the pain in the second phase. This type of pain is generally believed to be associated with central sensitization. studying this type oipain is crucial for exploring the mechanisms of hyperalgesia resulting fromtissue iniuryin clinicalsettings.
Carrageenan (also known as carageenan gum, CG) is a reinforcing chemical substance used to stimulate the release of inflammatory andpro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and TNF-a. When iniected into thepaws, muscles, or joints of experimental animals, carrageenan initially induces acute inflammation, which can transform into chronic inflammation after two weeks, This model is primarily used to understand acute inflammatory pain and simulate conditions of tissue damage, suchas joint sprains.strains, and myositis
SMOc can meet clients' precise drug delivery needs using various iniection methods, including stereotaxic in situ brain iniection, intrathecalinjection, intracerebroventricular injection, tail vein injection, and nasal administration, based on experimental reguirements.
The SMOc Neuropharmacology Efficacy Platform has several experienced personnel skilled in experimental procedures, capable of providing comprehensive tissue sampling services for the nervous system.
The SMOc Pathology Platform offers comprehensive services ranging from the dissection of small and large animals to slide reading. it canperform H&E staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and other histochemical staining techniques, with personalized servicesavailable based on client requirements.
SMOc has established a behavioral research platform that meets international standards. The platform is equipped with various behavioralexperimental devices,including water mazes, open fields, rotarod apparatus, elevated plus mazes, and hot plates, it can conduct a widerange of behavioral experiments, including studies on learning and memory, motor balance, and neuro-emotional behaviors.
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